Specific terms are frequently used interchangeably when studying human behaviour, leading to misunderstandings. Two most commonly misinterpretated terms – even in our daily life – are “antisocial” and “asocial”.
While these terms may sound similar, they are distinct concepts with unique behavioural patterns.
The difference in Latin prefixes a- and anti- distinguishes the meaning of both words:
A-Without or lack of
Anti- against
Social- someone who enjoys being with others or has to do with people living or gathering in groups.
The main differences between antisocial and asocial behaviour are in the underlying motivations and consequences, even though both involve some level of social disassociation. While asocial behaviour is considered more of a personality trait that can appear as a symptom of other mental disorders, antisocial behaviour is linked to antisocial personality disorder.
Contrary to popular belief, antisocial behaviour refers to a pattern of actions that violates the rights and well-being of others rather than necessarily being shy or introverted. People who display a disregard for societal norms, a lack of empathy, and a predisposition to engage in manipulative and exploitative behaviours are frequently thought to have antisocial personality behaviour.
Individuals who exhibit antisocial personality traits may also engage in criminal activity. However, it is important to note that not all people with antisocial personality disorder engage in criminal behaviour. Rather, this personality disorder can show up in various ways, including manipulation, deception, and a disregard for the well-being of others. Individuals who have antisocial personality disorder often exhibit a lack of remorse and guilt and a superficial charm that allows them to manipulate others for personal gain.
This personality disorder affects 2–4% of men and 0.5–1% of women. ASPD can be extremely distressing for those suffering from it and those around them. Even though antisocial personality disorder is commonly referred to as psychopathy, only a small percentage of people with ASPD are considered psychopaths.
Asocial behaviour, however, refers to a preference for solitude or limited social interaction, often due to personal choice rather than an inherent disregard for others. Compared to antisocial people, who have an inflated self-image, asocial people tend to think negatively of themselves and have low self-esteem. Asocial behaviour is not the same as having a mental health problem; rather, it may be a symptom of a behavioural disorder, autism spectrum disorder (ASD), or depression.
Asocial individuals find solace in solitude, preferring their own company to socialize with others. That is not to say they are troubled in social situations; rather, they find satisfaction in their thoughts and activities. Respecting personal boundaries and recognizing that not actively seeking social interactions or having a strong desire to fit in with society’s norms doesn’t mean something is necessarily wrong or harmful are both crucial.
Asociality and antisociality are both symptoms of a mood disorder, but asocial personality traits can be present in people who do not have a diagnosis. Personality disorders can be caused by traumatic events such as childhood neglect or psychological abuse, or they can be passed down genetically.
Both groups struggle with social constructs and behave in ways that the general public finds puzzling.
Understanding these behavioural patterns’ differences is essential in preventing misunderstandings and stigma. By recognizing the minute differences between antisocial personality behaviour and asocial behaviour, we can foster a more accurate understanding of human behaviour and encourage empathy and compassion towards people with different social preferences.
